It has come to my attention that there is quite a bit of interest this year in studying World War II - interest created by teachers of high school students.
My great-niece, who is a Sophmore in her school (in another state), was given an assignment this summer to read a book and not just report on it, but to study it, annotate it, and write an essay about it, among other things.
The book was Unbroken. It's about a fella in the Pacific Theater of Operations. I was familiar with the name of the fella, having just read another book that included his name.
I borrowed it from the library and began reading. After a while, the story became grim. And then grimmer and actually sickening. What in the world was going on that teens were required to read such misery? I skipped section after section to get to the conclusion.
I found out, at the end of the book, that the author had been asked by teachers to provide a highly edited version suitable for "young readers". I wish I had noticed that information before I began reading. I would have borrowed that version instead.
I am old enough that I have read not only about the World Wars, but about the entanglement in Viet Nam and decided long ago that I would never again read about the extreme cruelty that one human can inflict on another. I had friends and classmates die in Viet Nam. I have a nephew who has been involved in the Middle East messes. I have read more than enough about war.
I suppose I read as far as I did in this book trying to figure out why high school teens were reading it.
The second instance was last month. My brother asked for information about our Dad's military service, sort of. The high school-age son of a lady he knew was instructed to:
interview someone about their experiences in World War II
Huh? How tough would it be to find someone still living who could be interviewed?
Brother knew I had plenty of information about our Dad's service and so I put together a few things and passed them on.
Since the assignment didn't specify (at least as far as I know) just military service, I sent along my mother's four-page reminisces of the War in Great Britain. She was in the Women's Land Army as well as being a citizen of a country that was shoulder deep in carnage.
I don't know if any of what I passed on helped the young man or not, but I was glad to have put it together and thought it would be a welcome post here.
Mom first
Memories of World War II, 1939-1945
1939: I returned to Malpas after living with my
grandparents for about 6 years.
I had come down with
Scarlet Fever - the ONLY one in the school - so, after 6 weeks of quarantine in
my bedroom, I went to the country for fresh air, fresh milk, eggs, etc. Times were difficult and I had three brothers
at home, John, David and Douglas Gimblett, so when war was imminent, it was all
be together!
My Father was a Civil
Servant and he was one of several men who set up tables and chairs on the
pavement, in front of the "Milk Bar", for men to sign up for military
duty.
One of the first things
we had to do was go to Malpas school to be fitted with a very nasty smelling
Gas Mask, which we carried everywhere, and ID and ration book.
Black-out curtains were
put up on every window, every doorway. Windows
were taped and some became very creative: No
lights to show anywhere! There were
volunteer Air Raid Wardens who patrolled the neighborhood to make sure that no
lights were visible. No street
lights. No bus lights! Headlights were painted the top half outside,
bottom half inside, so that light shone down; same with flashlights (torches)
and bicycle headlights.
Air raid shelters. We lived in a semi-detached, which meant we
had a backyard and garden, so an air raid shelter was put in the garden. What were they? 6 ft deep? 4 ft deep? All I know is that ours
was up against the garden shed, had twin bunk beds and we had heat and electric
light. Dad's shed had had electric
forever and an electric heater that was used on really frosty nights. I don't remember spending too many nights in
the shelter.
There were also Morrison
shelters for indoors that were like a heavy steel cage. Areas that did not have yards big enough -
like "Pill" - the streets were dug up and shelters big enough for
maybe 20-30 people! The same with
school. I was going to Brynglas Central
and a couple of playing fields gave way for shelters large enough for 20-30
students. After the first
"nervous" exit we were told "don’t forget your books; we will
study in the shelter”!
When I left school at 14
years I went to work at Ferris Grocery, corner of Bridge Street and Cambrian
Road. When there was a raid, our shelter
was next door at a brewery, down in the cellar, walking through the sloshed
beer! Can you imagine the impression we made, young teenagers, reeking of beer,
riding the busses. Last bus to anywhere
was 10 pm.
When the convoys were
heading for the docks, they would stop where Malpas Road and Brynglas Road meet,
by Malpas Road Presbyterian Church, so naturally everyone rallied around and
had refreshments for the troops. Where
they got the tea and biscuits, etc, I have no idea.
Of course when the school
children heard that a convoy was at the bottom of the hill they just came from
everywhere. The children asked the
soldiers, "Any gum chums?", and
asked for insignia from their uniforms to add to their collections.
There was a church behind
the railway station that also had a group of volunteers. A couple of volunteers would go to the
station to find any serviceman, having a long wait between trains, who was
invited to the church hall for tea, or coffee and what food was available or even
a cot or bunk bed. "Take off your
boots and rest. We will wake you in plenty of time”.
Everyone rode the bus or
had a bicycle or walked. There were no
personal cars; no petrol; no tyres.
There was a
"blockade" near Bettws Lane and Blaen-y-pant, by the old Desmond
Llewellyn home – “Q” in James Bond movies!
One time I was out late and was challenged. "Halt, who goes there?" I had been visiting a friend, Betty Herring,
when the sirens sounded. Her mother
wouldn't let me go home, so we were in the shelter for hours. It must have been
almost midnight when the all clear sounded so Betty and her mother walked me
home from Crindau area to Malpas. Mrs
Herring explained to the sentry why were out late and where I lived: no
problem. My mother wasn't concerned, she
knew where I had gone and that they would see me safe.
I worked at Ferris' for
about 1 year, then went to work for "Uncle" Roy Hurford in the
canteen at Mountstuart Dry Dock. There
was Uncle Roy, the cook, and 4 or 5 girls.
Joan Parsons (Dowd) was one of them; we are still friends, although long
distance. How Uncle Roy managed the
meals, I don’t know. A lot of
substitutions?
There was a Russian oil
tanker, The Azerbaijan with a hole
big enough to drive a truck through. New
Years dinner in the officer’s dining room, white table cloths! silver! food,
food, and more food! What happened to rationing? Joan and I at the head table, sitting under a
portrait of Stalin! The engineer was a
woman as was the 1st mate. Very friendly
people, enjoyable evenings; but then they were our allies!
Then there was the Kincup, a Canadian destroyer all
repaired; ready to go back to sea; water entering the dock - ship
capsized! All the security came down
from wherever! What a commotion that
caused!
It was whilst I was at
the canteen that workmen were coming in asking, Peg, you have family in
Eveswell Street?, again and again; when I got home, I asked Dad and he said,
Yes, that’s where Gladys lives! Number
13 got hit and 7 out of 9 people living there lost their lives. The Gimlets, grandparents, parents, Uncle, 3
girls. Just Edwin & Louise
survived. Eddie spending months in
hospital with shrapnel in his head and with broken limbs. (He died just over a year ago. He was 90 years old and still had the
shrapnel in his head.) That happened
July 1st 1941.
Aside from Eveswell, the
closest bombing that I can remember was a bomb dropped just below Twm
Barlwm. It didn’t do any damage, only a
hole in the ground. Another time a bomb
landed in the mud at the Dry Docks but didn’t do any damage.
That brings me to another
disaster. Brother Doug and I were to be
evacuated to Canada to Dad's brother. We
were all packed, ready to go. The ship
ahead of ours the "Benares" was torpedoed, I think 77 children went
down. There were 3 sisters from Malpas - 8, 10, 12 years - and I think 5 boys
from Newport of which 2 were brothers from Stow Hill or St Woolos area. The government cancelled the evacuation plan.
After a year at the Dry
Dock, I went to work at Kings factory - near Clarence place - only because my
parents wouldn't sign papers for me to go into the Land Army (they already had
1 son in army, 2 in RAF, 1 in munitions.)
We made ammunition boxes and helped on coffins when needed - like D
Day. At 17 1/2 years the Boss signed my
release papers and off to the Land Army went I!
(You couldn’t just quit a vital job and move on; there had to be a good
reason.)
October? November?
Cold! Cold! Frosty! Off I went to
Oaklands Park, near Newnham, Glos, close
enough to get home on weekends. There
were about 16-20 of us billeted in the servants quarters at Oaklands. The only staff left was the butler, his
wife-cook, etc, and sometimes 2 maids.
We seldom saw Lord or Lady Evans.
Usually by 7:30 we were being "trucked" to one of the local
farms to help out, only men under 16 or over 45-50 left to do farm work. We did Everything: milking, clean up,
planting, reaping, haymaking, etc - but
Back to Newport - -
For entertainment there
was always the pictures and dancing! - ballroom dancing – continental tango,
waltz, foxtrot. In the town, itself, we
went to the barracks at the top of Stow Hill then to Conti's café at the
bottom, opposite the Kings Head. If we
were down near Cardiff road, there was another Conti's. There was always fish ‘n’ chips! And whatever
non-alcoholic drink available!
After a few scares with
the air raid sirens, as long as you couldn't hear a plane or a Big Bertha (gun
firing) we all went about our normal routine, always aware of where the nearest
shelter was. It didn't stop us from
showing up at Stow Hill - dancing - Lysaghts - dancing - the pictures at the Odeon,
Colliseum etc.
Then, in 1942? 43? Here
came the Yanks with that crazy dancing Jitterbug!
We saw many nationalities
besides the Russians & Canadians. There
were Yugoslavs, Free French, Gurkhas, and probably many others that I did not
recognize.
When it was announced
that the war in Europe was over I was helping to plough a field in
Newnham. Me, leading the horse, Mr Wilshire
guiding the plow, Val Morgan from Bridgend, Maureen Morgan - no relation - from
Bristol, picking up rocks, etc. We said
goodbye Mr Wilshire, see you on Monday and we headed for Newport. We were in the middle of town with the
celebration, as I recall, up on somebody's shoulders. It was alright - we wore jodhpurs or
dungarees. We also wore kneesocks,
brogans, green sweaters and ties, small beige hats.
Shortages during the War
No stockings. Women didn't wear slacks or trousers unless
the worked in a factory or on a farm. So
we were bare legged for 5 years. We
learned to get by barter Dad always
grew vegetables, so we could trade veg for eggs or whatever was needed. It wasn't black market - no money changed
hands. At "Uncle” Roy’s stall in Newport Market,
he would personally ration cigarettes.
When a shipment came in he would put some back for early morning workers
& so many for night workers, and only a 10pk at a time. We all did what was right.
I don't recall ever being
hungry although rationing was strict. There
was always fish & chips and lots of vegetables and Fish & Chips! We didn't have bananas or pineapple or
peaches for 5 years but there was always Fish & Chips! Plenty of orchard fruits, apples, pears,
plums, berries, blackberries, strawberries.
Dad was a gardener and amongst other things, he could also cobble, tailor
- anything that was needed.
The American Camp was
past Malpas, past Westfield - opposite Parc y Prior? So we were covered one end of town to the
other! Soldiers at Malpas, Sailors at
the Docks! I think that the airmen were
nearer to Cardiff. We were more
fortunate than a lot of areas.
Between Malpas &
Caerleon I think there was a POW camp, where Usk Vale is, down the old Roman
road – Pillmawr. I was on my bike and
had trouble. Here came a “Tommy” with 5
or 6 men in a different uniform offering to help. I said “No thanks, I can fix it”. Was there a POW camp there?
I left Newport May 20,
1946; left at Southampton May 24th. I celebrated
my 20th birthday at sea.
I have been back several
times – niece’s weddings, etc 1956 - 1970 - 1971 – 1986 – 2007 - 2009.
Newport has changed A
Lot. There was no Brynglas Tunnel / John
Frost Square / Pedestrian Commercial Road and the old Castle is still falling
down.
Women's Land Army and Timber Corps
Now, for Dad
Earl Simmons, Raymond Simmons
1943 Florida
Dad didn't write about his war years and didn't live long enough to pass on any memories of his military service - except for one story.
He was driving a jeep on a pot-holed road
(that means bombed-hole road), in France,
when he lost control of the vehicle and ran up a tree.
He broke a bone or two in his hand.
Since the records of the military archives are incomplete due to a 1970s fire in the St Louis record division, there are no official documents or information I can post here. So, these are the personal records that are from the war itself, or from information provided by Dad in later years for employment purposes.
I have Dad's Army photograph album. A few months ago I spent a day and a half scanning 88 pages - that's pages, not snaps - of 1940s photographs. Then my computer "crashed". It has been revived but the scans were lost. One of these days I will clear off the table and start scanning again. In the meantime, I have scanned two bits of the album to add to this article.
El Reno Library, Card file
Immunizations for 4 years on the other side if the world
Driving permit for cargo truck
Application for federal advancement
listing countries where served.
Description of duties during the war
part of a page from Army album -
Raymond at German gun
Chartres after bombing
Le Havre, France - a shelled city
In 2004 I wrote to the St Louis Archive to ask about Dad's military records, just in case his had survived the fire. They didn't. I received this document and forms with the request that if I had information I would like to submit, they would create a file for him. I haven't yet, but it's on my list to take care of.